City Council Meeting: JULY 11, 2006

Agenda Item: _____  

To:                   Mayor and City Council 

From:              Andy Agle, Interim Director of Planning & Community Development

Subject:          Alternative Strategies to Preserve the City’s Scale and Character While Advancing Key Land Use and Circulation Element Interests

 

Recommended Action

It is recommended that the City Council consider whether elements of the Shape the Future 2025 / Motion by the Ocean (Land Use and Circulation Elements (LUCE)) effort  may and should be expeditiously implemented to address community concerns related to building height, scale, density and character, and give staff appropriate direction.

 

Executive Summary

Proposition 90 that recently qualified for the November state-wide ballot (“the Initiative”) has caused the City to evaluate its ongoing efforts relative to preparation of new Land Use and Circulation Elements of the General Plan. The Initiative is not only directed toward eminent domain and redevelopment activities, but as provided in the Secretary of State’s analysis (http://www.ss.ca.gov/elections/elections_j.htm#2006General), would impose new restrictions and costs on all state and local agencies’ ability to enact and enforce land use planning, zoning, environmental, consumer and other laws and regulations. If approved by California voters, it would amend the California Constitution, effective the day following the election, to define compensable “damage” to property as including “government actions that result in substantial economic loss to private property,” including as examples such  actions as down zoning and “limitations on the use of private air space.”  By doing so, it may impose new costs on local decision makers who implement planning changes such as adjustments to private property development standards, including building height, scale and density.

 

Staff is seeking direction from Council as to whether key components of the LUCE effort can and should be expeditiously implemented. If feasible, such implementation could seek to preserve the City’s ability to adjust current standards to a level that promotes Santa Monica’s quality of life and is consistent with the 20-year plans currently in development. Because the Initiative, if adopted, would become effective immediately upon passage in November, a new ordinance, if pursued, should be adopted and in effect in advance of the November election.

 

Critical issues for the City Council to consider include:

·                    What are the short- and long-term objectives for strategically zoning parts of the City, including changes to development standards or discretionary review thresholds?

·                    Which specific neighborhoods may need protection?

·                    Besides zoning, are there other policies or City regulations that may provide effective regulation to accomplish the goals of the LUCE and community-identified Emerging Themes?

·                    What legal constraints or risks are associated with undertaking possible action?

·                    What staff and financial resources are necessary to expedite this review and what projects will be deferred?

·                    Which option best addresses the Council’s concerns and what specific direction can be given to staff to initiate this effort?

 

There are varying costs and risks associated with each strategy considered in this report. Costs may be limited to staff resources involved in preparing necessary reports and ordinances, but may require the hiring of consultants. Funds necessary to cover short term expenses would be drawn from the LUCE contract.

 

Discussion

Background

Nearly two years ago the City initiated a project to comprehensively evaluate existing land uses, building heights, densities, and circulation patterns and to capture community aspirations as to Santa Monica’s future. This long-range planning effort will result in new General Plan policy documents, as well as a new zoning ordinance, and has significant local and regional implications in terms of how it affects quality of life in Santa Monica.

 

From the outset, the community has responded to various outreach efforts on a range of issues related to diversity, growth, development activity, town character, and many other issues.  There has been a wide-range of suggestions on how to address such matters. Nevertheless, community input has demonstrated significant interest in preserving the scale and character of existing neighborhoods.  Relatedly, interest has also been expressed in reducing development standards in some parts of Santa Monica to ensure that the height and scale of new buildings remains consistent with the existing context. The neighborhood commercial district on Main Street, for instance, has been identified as an area where the code allows greater building height and floor area than is reflected in many of the existing buildings, and preservation is a concern.

 

While this community discussion is expected to continue and culminate in the LUCE update, there is immediate concern that the Initiative may significantly and detrimentally impact the City’s ability to fully implement the vision that is being expressed by community members.  In light of the Initiative relative to the LUCE update efforts, this is an opportunity to ascertain whether certain components of the LUCE update may be implemented in order to preserve the ability to carry out an approved policy framework in the future.

 

Potential Impact of the Initiative

Although most of the Initiative is aimed at the conduct of eminent domain, the Initiative also revises Article I, §19 of the California Constitution to require state and local agencies to pay just compensation if “government action” damages private property.  Proposed section (b)(8) of Article I, §19, below, makes clear compensable government action includes general plan and zoning legislation:  

Except when taken to protect public health and safety, “damage” to private property includes government actions that result in substantial economic loss to private property.  Examples of substantial economic loss include, but are not limited to, the down zoning of private property, the elimination of any access to private property, and limitations on the use of private air space.  “Government action” shall mean any statute, charter provision, ordinance, resolution, law, rule or regulation.   

 

The Statement of Findings in Section 1.(c) of the Initiative states this provision was drafted because: “The courts have not required government to pay compensation to property owners when enacting statutes, charter provisions, ordinances, resolutions, laws, rules or regulations not related to public health and safety that reduce the value of property.”  Thus, it can be predicted that regulation that promotes community aesthetics and neighborhood compatibility through density, height, bulk and scale reductions will be subject to compensation claims under this proposed constitutional amendment.

 

On the other hand, while future claims can be anticipated if the Initiative is adopted, it is not clear how “substantial economic loss” will be defined in determining when governmental action damages private property. Article I, §19 of the California Constitution currently provides: “Private property may be taken or damaged for public use only when just compensation, ascertained by a jury unless waived, has first been paid to, or into court for, the owner.”  In San Remo Hotel v. City and County of San Francisco (2002) 27 Cal.4th 643 664, the California Supreme Court held that notwithstanding the fact that Art. I, §19 includes  “damage” to property as well as  “taking,” those two terms are construed congruently consistent with federal law, which sets forth categorical and “ad hoc” tests to determine when a regulatory taking has occurred, and holds that the “mere diminution in the value of property, however serious, is insufficient to demonstrate a taking.” (Concrete Pipe and Products of California, Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California (1993) 508 U.S. 602, 645.)  The Initiative provides little direction if and, if so, how California courts should give separate meaning to the term “damage.”

 

Finally, section 6 of the Initiative exempts legislation in effect on the date of its enactment and amendments to such legislation that promote its original policy and that do not broaden its scope of application. The Initiative provides that other than for eminent domain powers, the Initiative “shall not apply to any statute, charter provision, ordinance, resolution, law, rule or regulation in effect on the date of enactment that results in substantial economic loss to private property.” An amendment to such regulations after the date of the enactment would also remain exempt from the Initiative’s provisions “…provided that the amendment both serves to promote the original policy of the statute, charter provision, ordinance, resolution, law, rule or regulation and does not significantly broaden the scope of application of the statute, charter provision, ordinance, resolution, law, rule or regulation being amended.” (Emphasis added)

 

Thus, there is a lack of certainty not only as to how the Initiative will be applied, but to the extent it will be applied to amendments of legislation in effect at the time of enactment.

 

 

 

Options for Council Direction on Expeditious Action

A significant portion of land within the City is already protected by existing regulations that serve to maintain and enhance the scale and character of neighborhoods. The single family neighborhoods (R1 District), which make up over 28% of the privately owned land in the City, have standards that promote compatibly sized buildings, and allow for privacy and access to light and air.   More specifically, in August 1999, the City adopted Ordinance Number 1950 (CCS) which amended the North of Montana R-1 development standards in the Zoning Code to ensure that new housing development would not detrimentally impact existing residences, would be compatible with the existing neighborhood scale and character and would be consistent with the neighborhood’s historic development patterns.  In February 2003, the City adopted Interim Ordinance Number 2066 (CCS), and subsequently extended this ordinance, to advance similar objectives in the Sunset Park and North of Wilshire R-1 neighborhoods.  Staff will return with a proposed permanent ordinance for the Sunset Park and North of Wilshire R-1 neighborhoods in early September 2006 and will propose extending these protections to the R-1 neighborhood north of Pico Boulevard.

 

Downtown continues to provide the most new housing opportunities and has contributed substantially to the City’s ability to meet state housing provisions. The pattern, scale and amount of development Downtown is consistent with existing Council policy to focus new development there.  In May 2006, the City adopted Ordinance Number 2187 (CCS) modifying the development standards within the BSCD, C3, and C3C Zoning Districts including design standards for ground floor heights, building street-fronts, landscaping, and development adjacent to historic resources.  This ordinance also reduced the development review threshold except for specified affordable housing projects.

 

The City’s industrial land currently has the lowest development potential in terms of floor area and building height, with few exceptions for a limited number of land uses that receive certain incentives.  Staff does not recommend changes in this part of the City, Downtown, or in the R1 District, expect as noted above.

 

The remaining land area that may need preservation is, therefore, limited in scope to the multi-family districts and commercial boulevards. Two primary proposals are explored in this report.  They seek to ensure that scale and character are protected consistent with the themes that have emerged from the LUCE update. These proposals are further detailed in Attachment A; a summary of each is provided below:

 

Incentive-Based Standards. This approach retains maximum build out potential in each residential district for a discrete list of land uses, such as affordable housing. Other uses, such as market rate housing, could be developed to a specified threshold set by Council.  For instance in the R4 District, this threshold could be two stories and 30 feet with a unit density of one unit for each 1,500 square feet of parcel area, instead of the current standard of 4 stories and 45 feet with a unit density of one unit for each 900 square feet of parcel area. A similar approach could be applied to the commercial boulevards. Alternatively, commercial projects could be evaluated for compatibility through a discretionary review process.

 

Average-Based Standards. Allow development that is consistent with the average height and density of other existing improvements within a specified geographic area, such as one city block. As with the other proposal, commercial and residential standards could have the same structure or approach, or commercial projects could be evaluated through discretionary review.

 

A hybrid of these two approaches may also be considered.

 

There were a number of other options that were evaluated, including two down-zoning suggestions from Santa Monicans for Renters’ Rights (SMRR) and the Santa Monica Coalition for a Livable City (SMCLC); a deferred down-zoning implementation approach from the Planning Commission; and an “As-Is” scenario that would freeze future development to the height and density that currently exists on each individual parcel. As examined in the following section, each of these options present greater legal risks than the two proposals described above and are, therefore, not recommended.

 

Once Council has chosen a preferred approach, additional analysis will be conducted and consideration given to refine the option, including evaluation of legal requirements.

 

 

 

 

 Legal Risks, Constraints and Workload Impacts

Legal Risks / Constraints

The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) expressly states that the enactment and amendment of zoning ordinances, and the adoption and amendment of local General Plans or elements thereof are projects subject to its terms.  In assessing the level of environmental review required for a general plan or zoning ordinance amendment, a local agency must examine the potential impact of the amendment on the “baseline” existing physical environment (“ground to plan”); a comparison between the proposed amendment and the existing plan or ordinance (“plan to plan”) is insufficient.

 

Staff has identified a number of possible changes in existing plan and zoning ordinance provisions. In the case of the proposed amendments, the city will not be required to assess the environmental effects of the entire plan or preexisting land use designations. Instead, the question will be the potential impact on the existing environment of changes in the plan which are embodied in the amendment.  Thus, even though staff proposals may reduce potential development from that which may be developed under existing plans and implementing ordinances, the comparison analysis required by CEQA is between existing conditions and the potential impacts of the changes to existing plans or ordinances.

 

Finally, while courts have consistently found that general plan amendments are subject to CEQA because they have the potential for resulting in ultimate physical changes in the environment, local agencies are not required to speculate or forecast how regulations might be applied in the future. Thus, amending ordinances to require discretionary findings or permits for certain development may not require the same type of analysis as changing applicable zone districts or development standards.

 

The incentive- and average-based standard proposals identified above have advantage in that they minimize changes that are required to be analyzed under CEQA.  In contrast, the two down-zoning suggestions proposed by SMRR and SMCLC may require greater environmental analysis thereby extending the amount of time required to effectuate those changes to existing zoning. The proposals also have advantage over the “As-Is” concept, which does not treat all property owners within a district or representative area the same. For instance, a property owner with a one story home in a high density district would be treated differently from a neighbor who may be entitled to build up to 4 stories 45 feet simply because that taller building already exists.

 

The Planning Commission’s deferred implementation strategy may also require a greater environmental analysis for its down-zoning concept, but more importantly, there is concern that the future implementation of the deferred standards may be subject to the Initiative, if passed.

 

Additionally, in assessing these alternative strategies, the City must also act consistent with State and local enactments governing the provision of housing, particularly the provision of low and moderate income housing.  Thus, any future action must be consistent with the City’s Housing Element and State Housing Element statutes, including the City’s adequate site analysis and its goals related to housing development, the City’s Density Bonus law which implements State law, and the State least-cost zoning laws. This latter provision imposes specific requirements for the City to designate and zone sufficient vacant land for residential use with appropriate standards to facilitate affordable housing development.

 

Thus, in exploring the City’s alternatives the requirements of CEQA and State housing law should be kept in mind.  Also, the Council should remain cognizant of the City’s current regulatory scheme and its impacts.

 

Workload Impacts

Any action to develop a new ordinance will result in a shift in workload priorities due to the time constraint of having an ordinance adopted in September.

 

In order to expedite this process, four full-time-equivalent employees from the City Planning Division’s Policy Team would focus on completing this effort. Significant staff resources from the City Attorney’s office would also be needed. Any direction that requires staff to conduct a city-wide inventory of existing parcels or blocks to assess baseline data is a significant undertaking and would necessitate the hiring of contract staff to assist with day-to-day operations, permitting and other basic customer service functions. Should such an analysis be required, it is recommended that the City Council give the City Manager the authority to negotiate the hiring and funding of emergency contract resources to address this need.

 

Some of the current projects most likely impacted include:

·                    Land Use & Circulation Element, Zoning Ordinance Project: Consultant would continue to work on Alternatives; staff involvement would be limited to the subject work effort.

·                    Key Parcel Ordinance: Ordinance affects approximately 250 parcels citywide; work would not resume until Spring 2007. This ordinance relates to a condition where two property owners share a common property, but due to each parcel’s orientation toward the street, one neighbor could build an eight foot fence along the property line and the other neighbor only a 42 inch fence. Council directed the preparation of an ordinance to address this issue.

·                    Division Training Program (Matrix Recommendation): Effort to develop comprehensive training programs would be deferred until the end of the year.

·                    Development Review Threshold for Affordable Housing Projects Interim Ordinance (Expires March 11, 2007): Work on ordinance would begin in November.

·                    Other Interim Ordinances: Extensions to four interim ordinances will be reviewed by Council on July 11. A fifth interim ordinance related to fence, wall and hedge regulation will be presented to Council in the winter.

 

 

Previous Council Actions

On May 25, 2006, the City Council directed staff to begin developing strategies that would preserve the City’s ability to implement a community vision being expressed through the LUCE update process. Previously, the City Council reviewed and endorsed the Emerging Themes Report (reviewed April 26, 2005) as a reflection of the community’s statements, and later received and reviewed the Opportunities and Challenges Report and endorsed a series of major policy questions for further study. (September 27, 2005).  The key findings from the Emerging Themes Report are provided in Attachment B.   As part of the citywide outreach for development of Emerging Themes, a statistically valid phone survey was conducted and is attached because it includes information regarding building height, scale and density that may be useful for the Council’s deliberation (Attachment C). The City Council considered draft plan alternatives in January this year and directed staff to refine project goals.

 

Planning Commission Action

The Planning Commission has previously contemplated the concerns identified in this report. A letter was drafted and presented to the City Council on May 22, 2006, via email. The Commission has since offered strategies to advance the City Council’s direction, which include variations of a down-zoning approach. As noted previously, down-zoning presents certain challenges making it a less preferred alternative.

 

 

 

Public Outreach

Consistent with the Council’s direction, a webpage was established on June 16, 2006 that provides interested persons an opportunity to make suggestions on how best to address the concerns expressed in this report. The webpage [http://www.smgov.net/planning/LUCE/Strategic_Zoning_Effort.html] also provides a link to learn more about the Initiative from impartial and informed sources. When authorized by a user, comments were posted online for others to review. Those comments, along with the previously mentioned SMRR and SMCLC suggestions are provided in Attachment D. The webpage was advertised in local newspapers, posted on the City’s homepage, listed on the City Planning Division’s website and emailed to all neighborhood organizations and other community groups.  In addition, flyers were distributed at all branch libraries, City Hall and the Ken Edwards Center.

 

Alternatives

The primary focus of this report is on whether Council should give direction to staff to conduct necessary research and analysis, prepare reports and ordinances, and schedule public hearings as appropriate to advance efforts related to the LUCE update process, and to address the concerns expressed in this report.

 

Alternatively, the City Council may decide not to proceed on an expedited basis and let the LUCE update process continue on its existing schedule. Should the Council pursue this direction, the city’s ability to adjust development standards in the future may be impacted, should the Initiative pass in November.

 

Budget/Financial Impact

The recommendation in this report does not require immediate funding or any budget action. At this time, the scope of work can be covered under the existing contract, including contingencies with Dyett & Bhatia Urban Planners.

 

 

 

 

Prepared by:

Jonathan Lait, AICP, Principal Planner

 

 

 

Approved:

 

Forwarded to Council:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andy Agle

Interim Director, Planning & Community Development

 

P. Lamont Ewell

City Manager

 

 

Attachments:

A.                 Strategic Rezoning Proposals

B.                 LUCE Emerging Themes

C.                Paul Goodwin, Phone Survey Results

D.                Correspondence / Internet Feedback

 


ATTACHMENT A

STRATEGIC ZONING PROPOSALS

Incentive Based Standards

Approach:

Retain maximum build out potential in each district for a discrete list of land uses, such as affordable housing. Other uses, such as market rate housing, could be developed to a specified threshold set Council.

 

Example:

A land use is identified as being able to build to current standards, such as a residential care facility. In the R4 District the care facility could extend to 4 stories and 45 feet with a unit density of one unit for every 900 square feet of parcel area.

 

The same parcel developed with a land use that is not eligible to extend to the district’s maximum standards, such as a market rate housing project, could be developed up to 2 stories and 30 feet, with a unit density of one unit for every 1,500 square feet of parcel area.

 

Comments:

·      Properties on commercial boulevards could be similarly regulated, or evaluated through a discretionary review process that evaluates the project’s compatibility with other improvements in the neighborhood; this approach, however, would be limited to commercial only projects, not housing projects. However, DR threshold does not change underlying allowances.

 

·      Lowering the discretionary review threshold could impact staff workload/resources; if this approach is preferred and evaluation of this impact will be evaluated.

 

·      Possible Incentive Projects include:

o            Affordable housing development

o            Mixed use development (in commercial districts)

o            Projects that incorporate certain sustainable principles

o            Projects that promote the preservation of existing housing or potentially historic structures

o            Projects that incorporate child day care centers

o            Community care facilities

o            Special needs housing (residential care, transitional housing, senior group housing, etc.)

 

How does this advance the Land Use and Circulation Element Effort?

This approach would promote certain land uses and architecture that have been consistently identified through the outreach effort. It balances the community’s interest in preserving the scale and character of neighborhoods with types of developments that retain existing improvements, promote sustainable design, and provide diverse housing opportunities.

 

Issues:

This option does not require rezoning land within the city; rather, it would involve changes to development standards for uses already allowed within applicable districts. CEQA analysis would focus on potential environmental impacts from changes in how allowable uses in the districts may be developed under new standards (e.g., continued full build-out for identified incentive uses and lesser development for other allowed uses).  Because incentive based standards would not change build-out dimensions of applicable zoning, but only those uses that may be developed to full build-out, a finding of no potential significant environmental effect may be possible.

 


 

Average Based Standards

Approach:

Allow development that is consistent with the average height and density of other existing improvements within a specified geographic area, such as one city block.

 

Example:

The average or representative height and density of all improvements on one city block is 24 feet and three units. An existing one story single family home on the same block could be developed to 24 feet in height with up to three dwelling units. Similarly, an existing 30 foot tall five unit building on the same block could be developed to a height of 24 feet and have up to  three dwelling units.

 

Comments:

·      The geographic area and method for averaging would need to be defined

·      Consideration would need to be given to geographic areas that contain a mix of residential and commercial buildings

·      Averaging would be based on conditions that exist at the time of ordinance adoption; it would not change over time

·      Property owners seeking to develop property would be required to provide survey information for all properties with the geographic area – depending on the size of the geographic area, this could be a significant expense

·      There may be workload impacts due to increased time for site inspections and survey verification

·      All property owners within the same geographic area would be treated equally

·      New development would be at a scale and density that is lower than the tallest and most dense buildings in the geographic area

·      For commercial / industrial projects, design compatibility could be used as a measure to evaluate future projects

 

How does this advance the Land Use and Circulation Element Effort?

This approach preserves the existing scale of residential neighborhoods and commercial boulevards.

 

Issues:

 This option may require use of overlay zones on land within the city.  It  will require identification of the appropriate geographic area to which it will be applied, as well as the information and formula from which to derive “average” or “representative” height and density for development standards in that area. CEQA analysis would focus on potential environmental impacts from changes in the baseline, existing physical setting under new “average” based height and density standards.  Because “average” based development standards will be based on the existing setting, a finding of no potential significant environmental effect may be possible.

 

 

 

 


ATTACHMENT B

LUCE EMERGING THEMES


 

Emerging Themes

(Excerpted from the Emerging Themes Report)

 

1.

A unique city with a strong sense of community. Santa Monica of the future should build on characteristics that endow its uniqueness and a sense of place: a small, beach town ambience, walkability, diversity, and innovation. Santa Monica of the future should be an interconnected town where people can get to know their neighbors, with citizen involvement and ownership in the future of the city. The city’s neighborhoods should be vital, with tree-lined streets, and common places where people come together to share in cultural pursuit, celebration, and leisure.

 

2.

A city rich in amenities, within walking distance to shops and services from neighborhoods. While in its outlook and character Santa Monica should be a small town, it should offer a sophisticated array of amenities, including stores, restaurants, transit, arts, and culture. Most critically, Santa Monica should be a walkable town, with neighborhood shopping, cafes, local and public services, and parks and open spaces, within easy reach of every neighborhood.

 

3.

A diverse and inclusive city. Santa Monica should be a diverse place, both socially and physically, and with opportunity for all. Santa Monica should be affordable to households of diverse incomes, and home to a variety of small and large businesses. The city should provide workforce, middle income, and senior housing, artist and live/work residences, as well as places for families and children. In terms of its physical character, Santa Monica should support a mix of design styles and creative architecture while remaining cognizant of its history through conservation and preservation of historic buildings and neighborhoods. This will also help foster an experientially rich setting.

 

4.

A community built at an appropriate town-scale. Reinforcing the theme of a small and unique town, the height and scale of new buildings should complement the existing fabric of neighborhoods and commercial areas. Existing height limits should be maintained, and high rise buildings are not appropriate in any part of Santa Monica. Smaller-scale, locally owned stores will further the city’s character and Santa Monica’s pursuit of its vision as a small and unique town.

 

5.

A city of strong neighborhoods, protected from commercial and industrial uses. Neighborhoods should be protected from encroachment of commercial and industrial uses, and have slow and safe traffic. New development should be in keeping with the existing scale of neighborhoods

 

6.

A pedestrian and bicycle-friendly place. Streets and connections between various activity areas shall be improved to create comfortable and safe environments for pedestrians. Development should be friendly and engaging to pedestrians. Santa Monica should have a comprehensive bikeway network connecting neighborhoods, schools, shopping areas, and the beach. Popular bike routes should be redesigned to offer more safety and convenience for cyclists, including supporting facilities such as additional bike parking/storage and transit connections.

 

 

 

 

 

7.

A city rich in its array of transit offerings. The need to support transit enjoys overwhelming community support. Santa Monicans want to see high-quality regional transit services, such as light-rail and rapid bus, at a level that offers advantages over private autos for regional trips, as well as local services that are safe and fast and convenient enough to compete with autos for local trips. Santa Monicans especially support environmentally-friendly transit vehicles and continue to express specific support for light rail (with a terminus in downtown and a route along Exposition).

 

8.

A city where traffic and parking work. Automobile traffic should flow smoothly, without disrupting neighborhood living. Park and ride lots, shuttles, and free or permitted parking by residents should be explored to facilitate easy movement. Transportation and land use patterns should be designed to work synergistically.

 

9.

A city of balanced growth. Santa Monica’s growth should be modest, with new development keeping with existing scale and character, and moderate increases in intensity in selected appropriate locations where reuse opportunities are present, where infrastructure can serve growth, and in places where transit is present or planned to foster transit-oriented development patterns. Many opposed growth that would lead to, expand, or worsen auto congestion in the City, particularly in residential neighborhoods.

 

10.

A city with attractive boulevards. The city’s major boulevards should be improved with increased landscaping, enhanced sidewalks, and additional parking. Mixed-use centers combining shopping and new housing replacing aging uses along the city’s major corridors may help meet multiple objectives, including promoting neighborhood accessibility to shops and services, housing affordability, aesthetic renewal, and jobs and homes in proximity to transit. Residents would like to see the boulevards in walking distance from their homes developed with the kinds of shops and restaurants they like to frequent.

 

11.

A safe and secure community. The city’s neighborhoods should be secure; people, including children, should be safe walking or bicycling to schools or work. The City should address homeless issues so that public areas, including, parks, streets, and transit vehicles can be pleasantly enjoyed.

 

12.

An environmentally sustainable place. Santa Monica should continue to emphasize “green” development, recycling, development patterns that encourage walking and cycling, clean air and water, and reuse of older buildings.

 


ATTACHMENT C

Paul Goodwin, Phone Survey Results (GSSR)

(Not available electronically)



ATTACHMENT D

CORRESPONDENCE / INTERNET SURVEY


CORRESPONDENCE / INTERNET FEEDBACK

SUGGESTIONS & COMMENTS
in Response to City Council Direction

The following suggestions have been received by the City of Santa Monica from members of the public, who authorized their publication on-line:


05/22/2006

To: City Council Members

Fm: Planning Commission

Dear Council Members:

In the last 10 days,  The "Anderson" (eminent domain) Initiative submitted signatures to qualify for the November ballot. It is polling at 87% approval.

In short, this Initiative would amend the state constitution to, in effect, make it virtually impossible for any city in Calif to downzone, restrict access,  restrict owners use of parcel airspace, or any other use that would diminish the economic value of a parcel without full market compensation, by the city, for the loss of economic value as a result on city action.

This Initiative, presumably will pass, and will take effect Nov. 7th 2006, the day after the election.

The Calif League of Cities is extremely concerned of the effect on all cities in the State.

You have received the full legal text of the Initiative for your review. Please see "damages" section for specific definition.

Implementation of this law, would tie the hands of the city to effect any reduced use/development of any property in the city. In view of the review of the LUCE, and  its  expected completion in another year or two, the impact of this new law would virtually stop almost any rearrangement, change of use, or reduction/incentive buildback program we would devise.

Consequently, the Planning Commission, at  its  meeting of May 16th, unanimously voted to recommend that Council direct staff to study the impact of the Initiative and devise immediate short-term remedies to forestall the aforeseen impact. This could include immediate reduced  development  standards for all areas of the city, with the full intention of revised standards, after the LUCE is adopted.

Since any change as this would require a 30 day waiting period after adoption, we urge council to direct staff to immediately suggest alternatives for the council to adopt to protect our city from this serious threat to our ability to shape the future of our city.

Best Regards,

Commissioners:

Johnson, Clark, Brown , Pugh, ODay, Koening, Dad

In response to the Andersen Initiative, SMRR has a draft proposal (attached) for downzoning multifamily residential zones.  It is important to recognize that State law requires that when you decrease multifamily housing opportunities in one part of a jurisdiction, you must provide equivalent opportunities elsewhere.  We think the LMSD Zone is an appropriate place to provide new housing opportunities.

This DRAFT proposal was hastily created to respond quickly to the Anderson Initiative.  We are submitting it to make sure administration, planning and legal staff have our ideas in the hopper as quickly as possible.  We see this as a first submittal and reserve the opportunity to amend or add to it.  For example, we did not have time to adequately explore downzoning R-4, which staff should consider (as will we).

This submittal in no way implies disagreement with SMCLC on the need for downzoning commercial zones.

Downzoning both residential and commercial zones is immediately necessary because the Anderson Initiative would make it virtually impossible to ever again reduce height and density anywhere in the city.  Downzoning now will preserve our ability to plan our future at an appropriate pace, so long as all downzoning changes are "IN EFFECT" by the time the Initiative could pass on November 7.

Michael Tarbet, for SMRR

5/19/06 Draft Residential Downzoning Proposal

In anticipation of the qualification for the statewide ballot of a measure that will severely restrict local governments zoning options, Santa Monica should

  1. Change R2 and R2R standards to 1 unit per 2500 sq ft. [Effect: Current standard 2 stories & 1 unit per 1500 sq ft.  With this change a standard 7500 sq ft lot will accommodate 3 units in 2 stories instead of 5 units in 2 stories]
  2. Rezone R-3 zones to R-2, and R3R zones to R2R [Effect when joined with #1: Current standard 3 stories and 1 unit per 1,250 sq sf.  With this change a standard 7500 sq ft lot will accommodate 3 units instead of 6 at 3 stories.
  3. Grandfather current standards for projects which are guaranteed continuously affordable and occupied 100% by low and/or moderate income households.
  4. Rezone the LMSD zone to permit multifamily uses in mixed use with ground floor retail, maintain existing heights (2 stories 35 sf and 1.0 FAR). {Effect: New residential and few light mfr or studio uses; 1.0 FAR means about 7 units on a standard 7500 sq ft lot.  However, currently this zones requires minimum lot size of 15000 sq ft which could then accommodate 15 units.  Nevertheless, substitution of residential should reduce traffic generation potential.  Need to examine whether certain uses now permitted are appropriate on ground floor.}  This change is necessary because state law requires adding opportunities for an equivalent amount of housing to replace the reduction in housing opportunities caused by downzoning elsewhere.

 

 

 

 


Dear Council Members,

Below is the initial draft down zoning proposal I mentioned at the council meeting earlier this morning.  The Santa Monica Coalition for a Livable City is currently considering other options as well.

We provide it now in response to the Council's request to allow for a full analysis and public discussion of it.

Sincerely,

Diana Gordon for SMCLC (www.smclc.net)

Subject: a simple down zone plan

GOAL: Diminish future residential and commercial build-out so that the result is fewer units and building density than would be allowed under current zoning.  

HOW: Change two key numbers and the result is a lower number of residential units and less commercial building space.  Those numbers are the square footage of lot size needed per residential unit and the FAR in commercial zones.

Residential: The number of allowable units in multifamily zones is calculated as 'unit per square foot (sf) of lot'. Example: Current R2 standards allow 1 unit per 1500sf of lot.  A typical 50x150 lot yields 5 units.  By raising the "1500" to 2000, a lot would yield 3.75 (round up to 4) units. By raising the "1500" to 2200, a lot would yield 3.4 (round down) to 3 units.

As we understand it, the City of Santa Monica is mandated by state law to allow up to an additional 35% more units to local zoning (by right) if those units meet certain low to moderate income restrictions. If a typical R2 50x150 lot accommodates 5 units... with the mandated bonus you could end up with 6 or 7 units, depending on the situation.   Down zoning to the 2200 number referred to above would yield a total of 4 to 5 units with the density bonus utilized.

The State does allow the single family homeowner, by-right, to build a second unit. However, single family zones cannot be down zoned and would not be affected by this proposal.

Commercial: Allowable building square footage is based on lot size multiplied by the FAR (Floor Area Ratio). If the standard states an FAR of 2.5, as it does for the C3-C Downtown Overlay District, and your lot is 7500sf, you can build an 18,750sf building. Lower the FAR to 1.75 and a base reduction of 30% to building size would be realized.  The allowable building size is now 13,125sf.

Santa Monica commercial standards are very nuanced. City of Santa Monica "incentives" and "extra allowances" are built into every zone. For example, a three a story/18,750sf building can end up 6 stories/46,875sf because of extra allowances. Nevertheless, even if a future development utilizes current incentives and extra allowances, the project would still be smaller in overall size if the FAR was lowered. If the building used in the example above were built with an FAR of 1.75 and utilized current incentives and extra allowances, the project maximum would be 32,812sf.

 

 

PROS

* Simple to understand

* Covers multi-residential and commercial development

* It is even handed and across the board

* Construct that is the Santa Monica zoning code remains intact

* Incentives, extras, bonuses, etc are left out of this proposal

* Still allows for development, just less of it

* Simple to craft if expressed in %, i.e.: FARs shall be reduced 30%; lot size needed per unit shall increase 30%

CONS

* Still allows for development... too much?

* Does not address height

* Future tinkering of the code could erode or undermine the intent of an action such as this unless additional protection is included


I agree with proposals made to initiate an overall down sizing of our existing zoning codes especially in regards to building heights and density. This may be a wonderful opportunity to sustain the remaining views, light and space so essential to the enjoyment by all who live, work and visit our city. I hope it is not just a measure to avoid prohibitive costs to the city and developers until zoning changes can be made again which will allow development profitable to all except a majority of the residents.

Lorraine Sanchez


I agree, Santa Monica needs to down zone. Cut potential commercial and residential build-out by 35-40%. Do it now and make it permanent.

Peter Tigler


I feel very strongly that it is of the utmost importance to protect and preserve our city's existing building heights and population density.
Because real estate developers continually disregard the wishes of the city's residents (in projects such as the one being built on the site of the former Boulongerie) it is imperative to do what we can through re-zoning the city.
At all the community workshops that have taken place over the past 2 years, the same desire has been voiced by the residents of Santa Monica and that is to try and preserve the beach town ambience that is the prime characteristic that drew us all to Santa Monica in the first place.

Jacob Samuel


This page was last modified 6/19/06